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Prilocaine

Structure

  • Prilocaine is an amide-type local anesthetic with an isopropyl group attached to the diethylaminoethyl side chain, providing effective anesthetic properties with reduced toxicity.

  • Chemical Formula: C₁₂H₂₈N₂O

    formula of Prilocaine
Structure of Prilocaine
Structure of Prilocaine

Mode of Action

  • Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockade: Inhibits sodium influx, preventing nerve impulse conduction.

  • Membrane Stabilization: Enhances neuronal membrane stability, reducing excitability.

Uses

  • Local Anesthesia: Employed in dental procedures, minor surgeries, and cosmetic applications.

  • Topical Preparations: Applied to skin and mucous membranes for numbing before minor interventions.

  • Infiltration Anesthesia: Injected to provide localized numbness during medical procedures.

Side Effects

  • Methemoglobinemia: Risk of oxidizing hemoglobin to methemoglobin, reducing oxygen-carrying capacity.

  • Local Irritation: Redness, swelling, or discomfort at the application site.

  • Systemic Toxicity: CNS symptoms and cardiovascular disturbances in high doses.


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