Acid Value (AV)

• Definition of Acid Value (AV):

  • The acid value is the amount of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in milligrams required to neutralize the free fatty acids in 1 gram of fat or oil.

• Significance:

  • Indicates the extent of hydrolysis of triglycerides in the fat or oil, as it measures the amount of free fatty acids present.
  • Higher acid values indicate rancidity, degradation, or poor storage conditions.
  • Important in assessing the quality of edible oils and fats.

• Principle of Acid Value (AV):

  • The sample is dissolved in an alcohol solvent, and then titrated with a standard solution of KOH.
  • The acid value is calculated based on the amount of KOH required to neutralize the free fatty acids.

• Equation:

  • $\
    \text{Acid Value} = \frac{\text{Volume of KOH (ml)} \times \text{Normality of KOH (N)} \times 56.1}{\text{Weight of sample (g)}}
    $

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