Physiology:
Produced by the anterior pituitary, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids (cortisol) and, to a lesser extent, mineralocorticoids.
ACTH Analogues:
Synthetic ACTH (e.g., Cosyntropin):
Uses: Diagnostic tool for adrenal insufficiency (ACTH stimulation test).
Mechanism: Stimulates cortisol production from the adrenal cortex.
Clinical Applications:
Diagnosis: Evaluates adrenal gland function.
Therapeutic Use: Occasionally used for infantile spasms and specific conditions.
Adverse Effects:
Similar to glucocorticoid excess if used long-term, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, and fluid retention.