Structure of Amiloride
Amiloride is a non-steroidal potassium-sparing diuretic with a benzothiadiazine core fused to a pyridine ring, containing amine groups.
Chemical Formula: C₄H₇N₄O₃S₂
Mode of Action
ENaC Inhibition: Blocks epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in the collecting ducts, reducing sodium reabsorption.
Potassium Retention: Minimizes potassium excretion by antagonizing sodium reabsorption.
Sodium Excretion: Promotes diuresis by increasing sodium and water excretion without significant potassium loss.
Uses
Edema: Manages fluid retention in congestive heart failure and renal disease.
Hypertension: Lowers blood pressure by promoting sodium excretion.
Heart Failure: Reduces fluid overload and prevents hypokalemia when used with other diuretics.
Hyperaldosteronism: Treats conditions with excess aldosterone production.ss.