Amphotericin B

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Chemical Structure / Formula of Amphotericin B

• Formula: C47H73NO17

• Structure: A polyene macrolide with a hydrophilic and hydrophobic region.

Mechanism of Action

• Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, creating pores that lead to leakage of ions (K+, Mg2+), causing fungal cell death.

Uses

• Systemic fungal infections:

  • Aspergillosis, Histoplasmosis, Cryptococcosis, Mucormycosis.

  • Candida infections (severe, invasive cases).

Side Effects

• Nephrotoxicity (dose-dependent, reversible).

• Infusion reactions (fever, chills, hypotension).

• Electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia).

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