Structure of Amyl nitrite
Amyl nitrite is an organic compound belonging to the class of alkyl nitrites. It consists of a nitrite group attached to an amyl (pentyl) chain.
Chemical Formula: C₅H₁₁NO₂
Mode of Action
Nitric Oxide Donor: Amyl nitrite releases nitric oxide (NO) upon metabolism.
Vasodilation: NO activates guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle, increasing cyclic GMP levels and leading to smooth muscle relaxation.
Reduction of Afterload: Decreases venous return and arterial resistance, reducing cardiac workload.
Uses
Angina Pectoris: Provides rapid relief from acute angina attacks by dilating coronary arteries.
Sydenham’s Chorea: Used off-label for its vasodilatory effects.
Recreational Use: Sometimes abused for its euphoric effects.