Introduction:
Antacids are medications used to neutralize stomach acid, providing relief from symptoms like heartburn, indigestion, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
They work by increasing the pH of stomach contents, alleviating discomfort and promoting healing of the esophagus and stomach lining.
Mechanism of Action:
Antacids neutralize excess hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach.
They contain alkaline ions that react with stomach acid to form water and neutral compounds, raising the pH and reducing acidity.
Types of Antacids:
1.Systemic Antacids:
Affect the body's acid-base balance beyond the stomach and can enter the bloodstream.
May cause metabolic alkalosis if used excessively.
Example: Sodium bicarbonate.
Not recommended for long-term use due to potential side effects.
2.Non-Systemic Antacids:
Act primarily within the gastrointestinal tract with minimal systemic absorption.
Less likely to cause metabolic alkalosis and are safer for long-term use.
Common Examples: Aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate.
Ideal Properties of Antacids:
Rapid Onset: Provide quick relief.
Prolonged Duration: Have long-lasting effects to minimize frequent dosing.
Neutralizing Capacity: Effectively neutralize stomach acid.
Safety: Have minimal side effects, suitable for long-term use if necessary.
Palatability: Acceptable taste for patient compliance.
Combinations of Antacids:
Combination antacids contain more than one type of ingredient to balance benefits and minimize side effects.
Examples of Combinations:
Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide:
Balance the constipating effect of aluminum with the laxative effect of magnesium.
Examples: Maalox, Mylanta.
Calcium Carbonate and Magnesium Carbonate:
Provide effective relief while minimizing the risk of constipation or diarrhea.
Example: Rennie.
These combinations aim to provide effective symptom relief while reducing the risk of side effects like constipation or diarrhea.