Hyperlipidemia refers to elevated levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, including cholesterol and triglycerides.
It is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Types of Lipids Involved:
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol: Often termed "bad" cholesterol; high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries.
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol: Known as "good" cholesterol; helps remove LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream.
Triglycerides: Elevated levels can contribute to atherosclerosis and pancreatitis.
Causes:
Genetic Factors: Familial hypercholesterolemia.
Diet: High intake of saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol.
Lifestyle: Sedentary behavior, obesity, and excessive alcohol consumption.
Medical Conditions: Diabetes, hypothyroidism, and kidney disease.
Symptoms:
Often asymptomatic; typically detected through blood tests.
In severe cases, can lead to symptoms of cardiovascular diseases like chest pain or stroke.
Complications:
Atherosclerosis: Hardening and narrowing of arteries.
Cardiovascular Diseases: Increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease.
Management:
Lifestyle Modifications: Healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, and smoking cessation.
Medications: Statins, fibrates, bile acid sequestrants, and other lipid-lowering agents