Definition of Anti-neoplastic agents:
Anti-neoplastic agents are specialized drugs used primarily to treat cancer.
They work by destroying or inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.
However, these agents can also affect healthy cells, leading to various side effects.
Medical Uses
Cancer Treatment: Used to manage and eliminate various types of cancer.
Preventing Tumor Growth: Inhibit the proliferation of malignant cells.
Adjunct Therapy: Combined with other treatments like surgery or radiation to enhance efficacy.
Side Effects
Common side effects of anti-neoplastic agents include:
Gastrointestinal:
Nausea
Vomiting
Mouth ulcers
Diarrhea
Constipation
Abdominal discomfort
Hematological:
Lowering of blood cell counts (e.g., anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)
Dermatological:
Hair loss (alopecia)
Rash
Other:
Fatigue
Increased risk of infections
Potential for severe, life-threatening side effects
Mechanism of Action
Targeting Cell Division:
Cancer is characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.
Anti-neoplastic agents specifically target rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Cytotoxic Effects:
These drugs are cytotoxic, meaning they can kill or damage cells.
While effective against cancer cells, they may also harm healthy dividing cells (e.g., bone marrow, gastrointestinal lining, hair follicles).
Disruption of Cellular Processes:
Interfere with DNA replication and repair mechanisms.
Inhibit essential enzymes and proteins required for cell proliferation.
