1. Trace analysis:
Used for detecting and quantifying trace amounts of electroactive species (e.g., metal ions, organic compounds) with high sensitivity and selectivity.
2. Environmental monitoring:
Determines concentrations of heavy metals (e.g., lead, cadmium, mercury) and pollutants in water and soil.
3. Pharmaceutical analysis:
Employed for quality control, drug development, and stability testing, including monitoring drug purity and degradation.
4. Food analysis:
Detects contaminants like heavy metals and pesticides in food and measures nutrients and antioxidants.
5. Biochemical analysis:
Studies the redox behavior of biomolecules (e.g., proteins, enzymes), providing insights into their structure and function.
6. Electrochemical kinetics:
Provides data on electron transfer rates and reaction mechanisms in redox processes.
7. Speciation analysis:
Identifies chemical forms of analytes, aiding in understanding their reactivity and toxicity.
8. Electroplating and corrosion studies:
Analyzes metal deposition, dissolution, and corrosion behavior, as well as the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors.