Atovaquone: Chemical Structure, Mechanism of action, Uses & Side effects

Chemical formula:

• C22H19ClO3

Structure of Atovaquone

Mechanism of action:

• Atovaquone inhibits the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the Plasmodium parasite, specifically targeting the cytochrome bc1 complex.

• This action disrupts the production of ATP, leading to the death of the parasite.

Uses:

• Atovaquone is used in combination with proguanil (Malarone®) for the prevention and treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, particularly in areas with drug-resistant strains.

• It is also used in combination with other drugs for the treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients with HIV/AIDS

Side effects:

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• abdominal pain

• headache

• dizziness

• and rash

• serious side effects include hepatotoxicity, severe skin reactions, and anaemia.