Azathioprine

Structure of Azathioprine

Azathioprine is a prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine and contains the following structural features:

• Imidazole Ring: Attached to a purine analog.

• Mercaptopurine Moiety: Linked via a thioester bond.

• Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₃N₇O₃S

Structure of Azathioprine

Mode of Action

Azathioprine acts as an immunosuppressant and antimetabolite by:

• Prodrug Conversion: Metabolized into 6-mercaptopurine in the body.

• Inhibition of Purine Synthesis: Blocks DNA and RNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells.

• Suppression of Immune Response: Inhibits proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, reducing immune activity.

Uses

1. Organ Transplantation: To prevent graft rejection.

2. Autoimmune Diseases: Such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

3. Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: As part of maintenance therapy.

4. Psoriasis: In severe cases unresponsive to other treatments.