2nd Semester - Human Anatomy and Physiology II
Notes Validity
FirstHope B Pharm 2nd semester Notes are ideal for university & competitive exams like GPAT & NIPER. These notes are designed according to PCI guidelines valid & sufficient for AKTU University, RTU University, Jamia Hamdard-Delhi University, Anna University, Savitribai Phule University, Shivaji University, NTR University, Andhra University, and other state and private universities across India.
These Notes are Much better & reliable then carewell pharma notes or imperfect pharmacy notes.
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Human Anatomy & Physiology II Notes – BPharma 2nd Semester
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Organization of the Nervous System – Neuron, neuroglia, classification & properties of nerve fibers.
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Electrophysiology – Action potential, nerve impulse, synapses, neurotransmitters.
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Central Nervous System – Meninges, ventricles, cerebrospinal fluid, brain structure (cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum), spinal cord function & reflex activity.
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Digestive System – GI tract anatomy, functions of stomach, small & large intestines, salivary glands, pancreas, liver.
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Acid Production in the Stomach – Role of pepsin & parasympathetic nervous system in protein digestion.
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Movements of GIT, Nutrient Digestion & Absorption – Disorders of the digestive system.
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Energetics – Role of ATP, creatinine phosphate, basal metabolic rate (BMR).
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Respiratory System – Anatomy of lungs, respiration mechanism, regulation of breathing, lung volumes & capacities.
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Transport of Respiratory Gases – Oxygen & carbon dioxide transport, artificial respiration & resuscitation methods.
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Urinary System – Anatomy of kidney & nephrons, physiology of urine formation, micturition reflex, acid-base balance, role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).
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Kidney Disorders – Common kidney diseases and dysfunctions
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Hormones & Their Mechanism of Action – Classification & function of endocrine glands.
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Structure & Functions of Glands – Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, pineal, thymus.
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Endocrine Disorders – Thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, adrenal disorders, hormonal imbalances.
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Male & Female Reproductive System – Anatomy, functions, sex hormones, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, menstruation, fertilization, pregnancy & childbirth.
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Introduction to Genetics – Chromosomes, genes, DNA, protein synthesis, inheritance patterns.
✨ Why Choose These Notes?
✅ Short, Exam-Oriented & Well-Organized – Perfect for semester & competitive exams
✅ Valid for AKTU, RTU, Delhi University, Anna University, Savitribai Phule University, Shivaji University, NTR University, Andhra University & More
✅ Covers Theory, Formulas & Practical Applications for quick understanding
✅ Highly useful for GPAT, NIPER & Other Competitive Exams
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