2nd Semester - Pathophysiology
Notes Validity
FirstHope B Pharm 2nd semester Notes are ideal for university & competitive exams like GPAT & NIPER. These notes are designed according to PCI guidelines valid & sufficient for AKTU University, RTU University, Jamia Hamdard-Delhi University, Anna University, Savitribai Phule University, Shivaji University, NTR University, Andhra University, and other state and private universities across India.
These Notes are Much better & reliable then carewell pharma notes or imperfect pharmacy notes.
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Pathophysiology Notes – BPharma 2nd Semester
Cellular Injury & Adaptation:
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Causes of Cellular Injury – Mitochondrial, nuclear, ribosomal, and membrane damage.
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Morphology of Cell Injury – Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia.
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Acidosis, Alkalosis & Electrolyte Imbalance – Effects on cellular function.
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Inflammation & Wound Healing:
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Types of inflammation, mediators, and mechanisms.
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Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
Cardiovascular System:
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Hypertension, Congestive Heart Failure, Ischemic Heart Disease (Angina, Myocardial Infarction, Atherosclerosis, Arteriosclerosis).
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Respiratory System:
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Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – Pathogenesis and complications.
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Renal System:
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Acute & Chronic Renal Failure – Causes, symptoms, and progression
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Hematological Diseases:
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Iron Deficiency Anemia, Megaloblastic Anemia (Vitamin B12 & Folic Acid), Sickle Cell Anemia, Thalassemia, Hemophilia.
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Endocrine System:
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Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Disorders, Sex Hormone Imbalances.
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Nervous System Disorders:
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Epilepsy, Parkinson’s Disease, Stroke, Depression, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s Disease.
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Gastrointestinal System:
Peptic Ulcer – Causes, symptoms, and treatment
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Liver Disorders:
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), Jaundice, Hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E, F), Alcoholic Liver Disease.
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Bone & Joint Disorders:
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Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.
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Principles of Cancer:
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Classification, Etiology, Pathogenesis of Cancer.
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Infectious Diseases:
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Meningitis, Typhoid, Leprosy, Tuberculosis, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI).
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs):
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AIDS, Syphilis, Gonorrhea
✨ Why Choose These Notes?
✅ Short, Exam-Oriented & Well-Organized – Perfect for semester & competitive exams
✅ Valid for AKTU, RTU, Delhi University, Anna University, Savitribai Phule University, Shivaji University, NTR University, Andhra University & More
✅ Covers Theory, Formulas & Practical Applications for quick understanding
✅ Highly useful for GPAT, NIPER & Other Competitive Exams
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