Definition and Scope of Phytochemistry
Phytochemistry is the study of chemicals derived from plants (phytochemicals) and encompasses their biosynthesis, structure, function, and application.
These compounds include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, saponins, and glycosides, among others.
Importance of Phytochemicals
Medicinal Uses: Many phytochemicals have therapeutic properties. For example, aspirin was originally derived from salicylic acid found in willow bark.
Nutritional Value: Compounds like vitamins and antioxidants contribute to human health.
Agricultural Applications: Phytochemicals can be used as natural pesticides or growth promoters.
Industrial Uses: They serve as natural dyes, fragrances, and in the synthesis of various materials.
Biosynthesis of Phytochemicals
Plants synthesize phytochemicals through primary and secondary metabolic pathways.
Primary metabolites are essential for growth and development, while secondary metabolites often play roles in defense, signaling, and interaction with the environment.