Drug binding refers to the interaction of drugs with various body components, including proteins, enzymes, receptors, DNA, and ions.
This binding influences drug distribution, efficacy, metabolism, and potential drug-drug interactions.
Protein binding is the most common type, where drugs bind to plasma proteins (e.g., albumin), reducing their availability for action.
Highly protein-bound drugs may compete for binding sites, affecting free drug levels and therapeutic effects.
Types of Drug Binding
1) Protein Binding
Drugs bind to plasma proteins (e.g., albumin), affecting distribution, half-life, and clearance.
High protein binding reduces free drug availability.
2) Enzyme Binding
Drugs interact with enzymes, either activating or inhibiting them.
Affects drug metabolism, clearance, and interactions.
3) Receptor Binding
Drugs bind to receptors, either activating (agonists) or blocking (antagonists) their signaling.
Regulates physiological processes like blood pressure, heart rate, and neurotransmission.
4) DNA Binding
Some drugs bind to DNA, influencing gene expression (e.g., cancer treatments).
Can have therapeutic effects but may also cause toxicity or mutations.
5) Ion Binding
Drugs can bind to ions (e.g., calcium, potassium), affecting organ function (e.g., heart, muscles).
May lead to adverse effects or toxicity.
