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Biological (Pharmacological) Evaluation of Drugs

Definition

  • Assessing pharmacological activity or toxicological profile using bioassays (in vitro or in vivo).

Examples

  1. Cardiotonic Activity Tests: e.g., Digitalis leaf assay on isolated frog heart.

  2. Antimicrobial Tests: Agar diffusion or dilution methods for detecting antibacterial or antifungal properties.

  3. Toxicity Tests: Acute, subacute, or chronic toxicity studies in animals.

Significance

  • Reflects the true therapeutic or toxic potential of the crude drug.

  • Captures possible synergistic or antagonistic interactions of multiple constituents.

Limitations of Biological Evaluation of Drugs

  • Ethical and regulatory constraints in animal testing.

  • Biological systems can introduce variability in results.


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