Blood Chemistry Overview

What is Blood Chemistry?

• Blood chemistry tests, or "chemistry panels," analyze components in the blood to assess organ function, metabolic processes, and nutritional status.

Procedure

1. Sample Collection: Blood is drawn from a vein, usually by a phlebotomist or nurse.

2. Preparation: The sample is centrifuged in the lab to separate blood cells from plasma or serum.

3. Analysis: Automated machines measure levels of glucose, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate), kidney markers (BUN, creatinine), liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), and other key parameters.

4. Results Interpretation: Results are compared to reference ranges to identify abnormalities, which can indicate health conditions or medication effects.

5. Reporting: The lab sends results to the healthcare provider for review and decision-making.

Key Components

• Electrolytes: Sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate regulate fluid balance and pH.

• Renal Function: BUN, creatinine, GFR assess kidney health.

• Liver Function: ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, albumin indicate liver function.

• Glucose: Essential for diabetes monitoring.

• Lipid Profile: Cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL) and triglycerides assess cardiovascular risk.

• Calcium & Phosphorus: Key for bone health.

• Enzymes: LDH and CK reveal tissue and muscle damage.

Interpretation

• Reference Ranges: Differ by age, sex, and lab.

• Clinical Context: Interpreted alongside patient history and symptoms.

• Trends: Tracking changes over time can be especially insightful.

Here's a flowchart illustrating the procedure for blood chemistry testing: