The brain is the central organ of the nervous system, responsible for processing sensory information, controlling movement, regulating vital functions, and enabling cognitive functions like thinking and memory.
It consists of billions of neurons connected by trillions of synapses and is protected by the skull, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood-brain barrier.
Main Regions of the Brain:
Here is a classification of the brain's main regions:
1. Cerebrum:
The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher cognitive functions. It is divided into two hemispheres (left and right) and four lobes:
a. Frontal lobe
b. Parietal lobe
c. Temporal lobe
d. Occipital lobe
2. Cerebellum:
Located at the back of the brain.
Responsible for motor coordination, balance, and movement precision.
3. Brainstem:
Connects the brain to the spinal cord.
Responsible for basic life-sustaining functions.
Divided into three regions:
a. Midbrain
b. Pons
c. Medulla oblongata
4. Diencephalon:
A region located between the cerebrum and brainstem, which consists of:
a. Thalamus
b. Hypothalamus
5. Limbic system
A group of interconnected structures responsible for emotions, motivation, memory, and learning.
Key components include:
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Cingulate Gyrus.