Structure of Captopril
Captopril is the first synthetic ACE inhibitor, featuring a sulfhydryl (-SH) group attached to a proline moiety.
Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₇NO₃S
Mode of Action
ACE Inhibition: Blocks the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), preventing the formation of angiotensin II.
Vasodilation: Reduces vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion, leading to decreased blood pressure.
Renal Effects: Lowers glomerular filtration pressure, beneficial in diabetic nephropathy.
Uses
Hypertension: Lowers systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure.
Heart Failure: Reduces afterload and preload, improving cardiac output.
Post-Myocardial Infarction: Prevents remodeling and reduces mortality.
Diabetic Nephropathy: Slows progression of kidney damage in diabetic patients.
Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Enhances cardiac function by reducing myocardial workload.