Captopril

Structure of Captopril

• Captopril is the first synthetic ACE inhibitor, featuring a sulfhydryl (-SH) group attached to a proline moiety.

• Chemical Formula: C₉H₁₇NO₃S

Structure of Captopril

Mode of Action

• ACE Inhibition: Blocks the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), preventing the formation of angiotensin II.

• Vasodilation: Reduces vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion, leading to decreased blood pressure.

• Renal Effects: Lowers glomerular filtration pressure, beneficial in diabetic nephropathy.

Uses

1. Hypertension: Lowers systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure.

2. Heart Failure: Reduces afterload and preload, improving cardiac output.

3. Post-Myocardial Infarction: Prevents remodeling and reduces mortality.

4. Diabetic Nephropathy: Slows progression of kidney damage in diabetic patients.

5. Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Enhances cardiac function by reducing myocardial workload.