General Introduction
Carotenoids are tetraterpenoids responsible for the yellow, orange, and red colors in plants.
They are precursors of vitamin A and have antioxidant properties.
Synonyms of Carotenoids
Common name: Carotenoids
Examples: Beta-carotene, Lycopene, Lutein
Biological Source
Found in carrots (Daucus carota), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), and marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta).
Family
Varies depending on the plant source:
Apiaceae (Carrot)
Solanaceae (Tomato)
Asteraceae (Marigold)
Composition
Major carotenoids:
Beta-carotene
Lycopene
Lutein
Chemistry & Chemical Classes
Chemical Class: Tetraterpenoids (C40 compounds).
Structure:
Carotenoids are long-chain polyenes with conjugated double bonds, which give them their color.
Therapeutic Uses
Vitamin A precursor: Beta-carotene is converted to vitamin A in the body.
Antioxidant: Protects against oxidative damage.
Eye health: Lutein and zeaxanthin protect against macular degeneration.
Commercial Applications
Used as food colorants, dietary supplements, and in cosmetics for their antioxidant properties.