Catalase is an enzyme located in the peroxisomes of eukaryotic cells and the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.
It efficiently catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2).
This process is crucial for preventing oxidative damage and maintaining cellular homeostasis.
The reaction is as follows:
2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
Function and Importance
Catalase has one of the highest turnover rates among enzymes; it can convert millions of molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second.
This efficiency is vital for protecting cells from oxidative damage and ensuring the balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Clinical Aspects
A genetic deficiency in catalase can lead to the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, increasing the risk of oral gangrene, diabetes, and certain infections.
However, many individuals with this deficiency remain asymptomatic due to compensatory mechanisms from other antioxidant enzymes.