1) Intentional Medication Non-Adherence:
When patients consciously choose not to follow their prescribed regimen.
Beliefs and Perceptions: Misunderstandings about the disease, doubts about the necessity of treatment, or concerns about side effects can deter adherence.
Cost: High out-of-pocket expenses may lead patients to skip doses or avoid filling prescriptions.
Motivation and Attitudes: Lack of perceived benefit, especially when symptoms are not noticeable, can reduce motivation to adhere.
2) Unintentional Medication Non-Adherence:
When patients intend to follow their regimen but encounter barriers.
Complex Regimens: Multiple medications with varying doses and schedules can be confusing.
Cognitive Issues: Memory problems, especially in older adults, can interfere with adherence.
Physical Limitations: Challenges like difficulty opening bottles or swallowing pills can hinder adherence.
Language and Health Literacy Barriers: Difficulty understanding medical instructions or medication labels due to language or literacy limitations.
Access Issues: Geographic, transportation, or mobility challenges can limit access to pharmacies or clinics.