Classification of Anti-Tubercular Agents

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• Anti-tubercular agents are used to treat infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can be classified based on their mechanism of action and chemical structure.

• They are often categorized into first-line and second-line drugs, and further grouped into two main types:

1) Synthetic Anti-Tubercular Agents

• These are chemically synthesized drugs that target various biochemical pathways in M. tuberculosis.

• Examples:

  1. Isoniazid

  2. Ethionamide

  3. Ethambutol

  4. Pyrazinamide

  5. Para-aminosalicylic acid

2) Anti-Tubercular Antibiotics

• These agents are naturally derived or semi-synthetic and work by inhibiting mycobacterial growth through mechanisms such as interfering with bacterial RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, or cell wall formation.

• Examples:

1. Rifampicin

2. Rifabutin

3. Cycloserine

4. Streptomycin

5. Capreomycin sulphate

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