Chemical Structure/Formula:
C9H9Cl2N3
Mechanism of Action:
Clonidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist.
It lowers blood pressure by stimulating alpha-2 receptors in the brain stem, which reduces sympathetic nervous system activity, leading to decreased heart rate and dilation of blood vessels.
This action results in lower blood pressure and a reduction in the heart's workload.
Uses:
Apart from hypertension, clonidine is used in the management of ADHD, certain pain conditions, and for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms from opioids, alcohol, and nicotine.
It's also used off-label for a variety of other conditions, including certain psychiatric disorders.
Side Effects:
Side effects can vary and might include dry mouth, sedation, fatigue, constipation, and potentially severe withdrawal symptoms if the medication is stopped abruptly.
In some cases, it can cause depression, and it should be used cautiously in individuals with a history of mental health issues.