Codeine: Chemical Structure, Mechanism of Action, Uses & Side Effects

Chemical Structure:

• C18H21NO3 · H2O

Chemical Structure

Mechanism of Action:

• Codeine is a prodrug that is metabolically converted into morphine, which then exerts its effects by binding to mu-opioid receptors. It also acts on the medulla to suppress the cough reflex.

Uses:

• Pain Relief: Used for mild to moderate pain.

• Cough Suppression: Effective as an antitussive due to its action on the cough center in the brain.

Side Effects:

• GI Disturbances: Including constipation and nausea.

• CNS Effects: Drowsiness, light-headedness, and dizziness.

• Respiratory Effects: Less potent respiratory depression than morphine, but caution is still advised.