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Definition of Critical Solution Temperature
The temperature at which two partially miscible liquids become fully miscible (UCST) or fully immiscible (LCST).
Upper Critical Solution Temperature (UCST)
Below this temperature, the liquids are completely miscible.
Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST)
Above this temperature, the liquids are completely miscible.
Characteristics
Phase Transition Point: Represents the temperature at which the nature of the miscibility changes dramatically.
Dependency: CST can depend on the nature of the substances, pressure, and the presence of other solutes.
Examples: Triethylamine and water show UCST behavior, while nicotine and water exhibit an LCST.
Applications:
Thermosensitive Polymers: Used in temperature-responsive drug delivery systems.
Chemical Engineering: Important for temperature-controlled processes like solvent recovery.
Research and Development: Essential in synthesizing new materials with desired thermal properties.
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