Dactinomycin

Structure of Dactinomycin

• Dactinomycin, also known as Actinomycin D, is a polypeptide antibiotic with a chromophore linked to two cyclic peptide components.

• Chemical Formula: C₂₄H₁₉N₃O₇

Structure of Dactinomycin

Mode of Action

• DNA Intercalation: Dactinomycin inserts itself between DNA base pairs, disrupting the double helix structure.  Inhibition of RNA Synthesis: Prevents the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA, thereby inhibiting transcription.

• Antiproliferative Effects: Halts cell division by blocking DNA and RNA synthesis, leading to cell death.

Uses

1. Wilms' Tumor: A type of kidney cancer in children.

2. Ewing's Sarcoma: A malignant bone tumor.

3. Rhabdomyosarcoma: A cancer of muscle tissue.

4. Testicular Cancer: Particularly seminomas.

5. Ovarian Cancer: In combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.