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Dactinomycin

Structure of Dactinomycin

  • Dactinomycin, also known as Actinomycin D, is a polypeptide antibiotic with a chromophore linked to two cyclic peptide components.

  • Chemical Formula: C₂₄H₁₉N₃O₇

Structure of Dactinomycin
Structure of Dactinomycin

Mode of Action

  • DNA Intercalation: Dactinomycin inserts itself between DNA base pairs, disrupting the double helix structure.  Inhibition of RNA Synthesis: Prevents the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA, thereby inhibiting transcription.

  • Antiproliferative Effects: Halts cell division by blocking DNA and RNA synthesis, leading to cell death.

Uses

  1. Wilms' Tumor: A type of kidney cancer in children.

  2. Ewing's Sarcoma: A malignant bone tumor.

  3. Rhabdomyosarcoma: A cancer of muscle tissue.

  4. Testicular Cancer: Particularly seminomas.

  5. Ovarian Cancer: In combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.


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