Dentifrices are substances used with a toothbrush to clean and polish teeth.
Functions:
Remove dental plaque, food debris, and stains.
Provide protection against tooth decay and gum diseases.
Forms:
Toothpaste: The most common form.
Tooth powders and gels: Alternative forms that serve similar purposes.
Dental caries
Definition: Dental caries, also known as tooth decay or cavities, is a chronic disease resulting from the interaction of bacteria, carbohydrates, and tooth structure.
Prevalence: One of the most common oral health issues globally, affecting individuals of all ages..
Process of Dental Caries
1.Bacterial Action:
Streptococcus mutans bacteria in the mouth metabolize dietary carbohydrates, particularly sugars.
This metabolism produces acid as a by-product.
2.Demineralization:
The acid dissolves minerals in the tooth enamel, leading to demineralization and small initial lesions.
3.Progression:
If untreated, decay advances into the dentin layer beneath the enamel.
Eventually, it may reach the pulp, causing toothache, inflammation, infection, and potential tooth loss.
Factors Contributing to Dental Caries
1. Oral hygiene:
Poor oral hygiene, such as irregular or improper brushing and flossing, allows plaque to accumulate on the tooth surfaces, promoting bacterial growth and increasing the risk of tooth decay.
2. Diet:
Frequent consumption of sugary and acidic foods and beverages increases the production of acid in the mouth, promoting tooth demineralization and decay.
3. Saliva:
Saliva plays a crucial role in neutralizing acids and remineralizing tooth enamel.
Reduced salivary flow or composition, due to factors such as medication, medical conditions, or aging, can increase the risk of dental caries.
4. Tooth anatomy:
Teeth with deep grooves, fissures, or irregular surfaces are more prone to trapping food particles and plaque, making them more susceptible to decay.
5. Fluoride exposure:
Insufficient fluoride exposure, through drinking water, toothpaste, or dental treatments, can lead to weaker tooth enamel, making teeth more vulnerable to decay.
Proper oral hygiene, a balanced diet, adequate saliva flow, good tooth anatomy, and sufficient fluoride exposure are key factors in preventing dental caries.