Desensitizing agents in dental products are designed to reduce or eliminate tooth sensitivity.
This sensitivity arises when dentin, the porous tissue beneath the enamel, becomes exposed due to enamel wear, gum recession, or other factors, allowing stimuli to reach the nerves inside the tooth.
Mechanism of Action
1. Physical Occlusion of Dentinal Tubules:
Ingredients like strontium chloride or potassium nitrate penetrate dentinal tubules, creating a barrier that blocks stimuli from reaching nerve endings.
2. Chemical Interaction:
Some agents, such as potassium nitrate, chemically interact with the dentin or tubule fluid. Potassium ions help numb nerve endings, reducing responsiveness to pain triggers.
3. Formation of a Secondary Dentin:
Certain products stimulate the formation of secondary dentin, adding a protective layer over the nerve.
Common Ingredients
Potassium Nitrate: Calms nerves to reduce pain signal transmission.
Strontium Chloride and Strontium Acetate: Form barriers over exposed dentin to block pain signals.
Fluoride: Strengthens enamel and aids in remineralization, reducing sensitivity and enhancing resistance to acid and decay.
Calcium Phosphate Technologies: Such as nano-hydroxyapatite, help remineralize the tooth surface, filling microscopic defects and forming a protective layer.
Application and Products
Available as toothpastes, mouthwashes, gels, and varnishes.
Choice of product and method depends on sensitivity severity and professional dental advice.
Regular use is necessary for sustained benefits, as effects can diminish if use is stopped.