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Definition
Detergency is the process by which surfactants clean surfaces by removing dirt, oils, and other contaminants.
Mechanism
Wetting: Surfactants lower surface tension, allowing cleaning solutions to spread.
Emulsification: Oils and greases are emulsified and suspended.
Dispersion: Particulate soils are dispersed and prevented from re-deposition.
Factors Influencing Detergency
Surfactant Concentration: Must be above the CMC.
Temperature: Higher temperatures often enhance cleaning.
Mechanical Action: Agitation aids in soil removal.
Water Hardness: Presence of calcium and magnesium ions can reduce effectiveness.
Applications of Detergency
Pharmaceutical Equipment Cleaning: Ensures removal of residues.
Personal Care Products: Shampoos and soaps rely on detergency.
Laboratory Glassware: Critical for accurate experimental results.
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