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Digoxin

Structure

  • Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside derived from the foxglove plant, featuring a steroid nucleus linked to a lactone ring and a sugar moiety.

  • Chemical Formula: C₄₈H₇₂O₁₉

    Chemical Formula of Digoxin
Structure of Digoxin
Structure of Digoxin

Mode of Action

  • Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase Inhibition: Binds to the sodium-potassium pump, inhibiting its activity.

  • Intracellular Sodium Increase: Leads to increased intracellular calcium via the sodium-calcium exchanger.

  • Positive Inotropic Effect: Enhances cardiac contractility by increasing calcium availability in cardiac myocytes.

  • Vagal Stimulation: Increases vagal tone, reducing heart rate and AV node conduction.

Uses

  • Heart Failure: Improves cardiac output and symptoms in systolic heart failure.

  • Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter: Controls ventricular rate by enhancing vagal tone.

  • Supraventricular Tachycardias: Manages rapid heart rhythms by slowing AV node conduction.

  • Digitalis Toxicity: Monitors and manages symptoms of digoxin toxicity.


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