Preparation:
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid Prepared by carefully adding concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) to water in a volumetric flask.
It is crucial to add acid to water slowly to prevent excessive heat release and splashing.
Properties:
Colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a strong, pungent odor.
Strong acid, readily dissociating into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) in solution.
Highly corrosive, can cause severe burns on contact with skin or eyes.
Reacts with many metals, releasing hydrogen gas and forming metal chlorides.
Storage:
Store in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources, flames, and incompatible materials like bases, oxidizers, and organic substances.
Keep in a tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant container, such as glass or plastic.
Uses of Dilute Hydrochloric Acid:
Laboratories: Used as a reagent in various chemical reactions, including neutralization, precipitation, and titration.
Food Industry: Acts as a pH adjuster and acidity regulator.
Cleaning Industry: Used for descaling, rust removal, and cleaning brick and concrete surfaces.
Metal Industry: Employed in pickling, etching, and galvanizing metals.