- There are numerous blood disorders that can affect the various components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
Common Blood Disorders
Anemia
- Decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport. Types include iron-deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, hemolytic, and sickle cell anemia.
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Hemophilia
- Inherited bleeding disorders caused by clotting factor deficiencies (Factor VIII in hemophilia A, Factor IX in hemophilia B), leading to prolonged bleeding and joint damage.
Thalassemia
- Inherited disorders causing abnormal hemoglobin production and red blood cell destruction. Types include alpha and beta, depending on the affected globin chain.
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Leukemia
- Cancers of blood-forming tissues, leading to abnormal white blood cell production. Classified into acute or chronic, and lymphoid or myeloid.
Lymphoma
- Cancer originating in the lymphatic system, involving uncontrolled lymphocyte growth. Types include Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
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Multiple Myeloma
- Cancer affecting plasma cells, leading to bone damage, impaired immunity, and increased infection risk.
Aplastic Anemia
- Rare disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells, potentially caused by radiation, chemotherapy, or autoimmune diseases.
Polycythemia Vera
- Rare disorder characterized by excessive red blood cell production, increasing blood viscosity and risk of clots, stroke, or heart attack.
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Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)
- Autoimmune disorder resulting in low platelet count and increased bleeding risk, with the immune system mistakenly destroying platelets.
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