There are numerous blood disorders that can affect the various components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
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Common Blood Disorders
1. Anemia:
Decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport. Types include iron-deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, hemolytic, and sickle cell anemia.
2. Hemophilia:
Inherited bleeding disorders caused by clotting factor deficiencies (Factor VIII in hemophilia A, Factor IX in hemophilia B), leading to prolonged bleeding and joint damage.
3. Thalassemia:
Inherited disorders causing abnormal hemoglobin production and red blood cell destruction. Types include alpha and beta, depending on the affected globin chain.
4. Leukemia:
Cancers of blood-forming tissues, leading to abnormal white blood cell production. Classified into acute or chronic, and lymphoid or myeloid.
5. Lymphoma:
Cancer originating in the lymphatic system, involving uncontrolled lymphocyte growth. Types include Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
6. Multiple Myeloma:
Cancer affecting plasma cells, leading to bone damage, impaired immunity, and increased infection risk.
7. Aplastic Anemia:
Rare disorder where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient blood cells, potentially caused by radiation, chemotherapy, or autoimmune diseases.
8. Polycythemia Vera:
Rare disorder characterized by excessive red blood cell production, increasing blood viscosity and risk of clots, stroke, or heart attack.
9. Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP):
Autoimmune disorder resulting in low platelet count and increased bleeding risk, with the immune system mistakenly destroying platelets.