Disorders of heart

• There are many disorders that can affect the heart, which can be broadly categorized into structural, electrical, and circulatory issues.

Some common heart disorders include

1) Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

• Cause: Narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to plaque build-up (atherosclerosis).

• Symptoms: Chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, increased risk of heart attack.

2) Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

• Cause: Blocked blood flow to part of the heart, usually by a blood clot.

• Symptoms: Chest pain, shortness of breath, damage or death of heart muscle cells, life-threatening arrhythmias.

3) Heart Failure

• Cause: The heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, often due to heart damage from a heart attack or high blood pressure.

• Symptoms: Shortness of breath, fatigue, fluid retention.

4) Arrhythmias

• Cause: Abnormal heart rhythms due to issues with the heart's electrical system.

• Types:

  • Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

  • Tachycardia (fast heart rate)

  • Irregular rhythms

• Symptoms: Palpitations, dizziness, fainting.

5) Valvular Heart Disease

• Cause: Problems with one or more heart valves (e.g., regurgitation or stenosis).

• Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue.

6) Cardiomyopathy

• Cause: Disease of the heart muscle due to genetic factors, infections, toxins, or other conditions.

• Symptoms: Weakened heart muscle, inefficient blood pumping, potential heart failure.

7) Congenital Heart Defects

• Cause: Heart abnormalities present at birth, such as holes in the heart or malformed structures.

• Severity: Can range from mild to severe; may require medical or surgical intervention.

8) Pericarditis

• Cause: Inflammation of the pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart).

• Symptoms: Chest pain, potential fluid accumulation affecting heart function.

9) Endocarditis

• Cause: Inflammation of the heart's inner lining and valves, usually due to bacterial infection.

• Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, potential heart valve damage.