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Disorders of heart

Updated: Mar 2

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  • There are many disorders that can affect the heart, which can be broadly categorized into structural, electrical, and circulatory issues.

Some common heart disorders include

1) Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

  • Cause: Narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to plaque build-up (atherosclerosis).

  • Symptoms: Chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, increased risk of heart attack.

2) Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)

  • Cause: Blocked blood flow to part of the heart, usually by a blood clot.

  • Symptoms: Chest pain, shortness of breath, damage or death of heart muscle cells, life-threatening arrhythmias.

3) Heart Failure

  • Cause: The heart can't pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, often due to heart damage from a heart attack or high blood pressure.

  • Symptoms: Shortness of breath, fatigue, fluid retention.

4) Arrhythmias

  • Cause: Abnormal heart rhythms due to issues with the heart's electrical system.

  • Types:

    • Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

    • Tachycardia (fast heart rate)

    • Irregular rhythms

  • Symptoms: Palpitations, dizziness, fainting.

5) Valvular Heart Disease

  • Cause: Problems with one or more heart valves (e.g., regurgitation or stenosis).

  • Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue.

6) Cardiomyopathy

  • Cause: Disease of the heart muscle due to genetic factors, infections, toxins, or other conditions.

  • Symptoms: Weakened heart muscle, inefficient blood pumping, potential heart failure.

7) Congenital Heart Defects

  • Cause: Heart abnormalities present at birth, such as holes in the heart or malformed structures.

  • Severity: Can range from mild to severe; may require medical or surgical intervention.

8) Pericarditis

  • Cause: Inflammation of the pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart).

  • Symptoms: Chest pain, potential fluid accumulation affecting heart function.

9) Endocarditis

  • Cause: Inflammation of the heart's inner lining and valves, usually due to bacterial infection.

  • Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, potential heart valve damage.

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