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Disorders of Kidney

Several kidney disorders can impair kidney function and overall health. Common kidney disorders include:

1) Acute kidney injury (AKI)

  • Cause: Sudden loss of kidney function due to factors like reduced blood flow, direct kidney damage, or urine flow blockage.

  • Key Points: Requires rapid intervention to prevent permanent damage.

2) Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

  • Cause: Gradual loss of kidney function, often due to conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, or glomerulonephritis.

  • Key Points: Can progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.

3) Glomerulonephritis

  • Inflammation of the glomeruli, which can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or other factors.

  • Glomerulonephritis can lead to proteinuria, hematuria, and reduced kidney function.

4) Kidney stones

  • Cause: Inflammation of the glomeruli, often caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or other factors.

  • Symptoms: Can lead to proteinuria (protein in urine), hematuria (blood in urine), and reduced kidney function.

5) Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

  • Cause: A genetic disorder that causes numerous fluid-filled cysts to form in the kidneys.

  • Symptoms: Kidney enlargement, pain, and reduced kidney function.

6) Nephrotic syndrome

  • Cause: High protein loss in urine, low protein in blood, high cholesterol, and swelling, caused by various kidney disorders such as diabetic nephropathy or minimal change disease.

  • Symptoms: Proteinuria, edema, and abnormal cholesterol levels.

7) Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

  • Cause: Bacterial infections of the urinary system, which can affect the kidneys (pyelonephritis), bladder (cystitis), or urethra (urethritis).

  • Key Points: If untreated, UTIs can lead to kidney damage.

8) Kidney Cancer

  • Cause: Most commonly renal cell carcinoma, originating in the renal tubules.

  • Key Points: Early detection and treatment are crucial for a better prognosis.

Maintaining proper kidney health is essential through a healthy lifestyle, regular checkups, and prompt treatment of any kidney-related issues to prevent further complications.


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