Fermentation requires specialized equipment to support microbial growth and metabolism.
The type of equipment used depends on the scale, purpose, and microorganisms involved.
Common Fermentation Equipment
1) Fermenter or Bioreactor
A vessel where fermentation occurs, made of stainless steel or glass.
Designed to provide a controlled environment for microorganisms.
Available in sizes from small lab-scale to large industrial-scale tanks.
2) Stirrers or Agitators
Ensure even mixing of the substrate and microorganisms.
Prevent settling of microorganisms at the bottom.
3) pH and Temperature Controllers
Maintain optimal conditions for microbial growth.
Automatically adjust temperature and pH inside the fermenter.
4) Oxygen Supply Systems
Provide oxygen for aerobic microorganisms.
Use spargers or diffusers to introduce oxygen into the fermenter.
5) Sterilizers and Autoclaves
Sterilize equipment and media before fermentation.
Prevent contamination using heat, steam, or chemicals.
6) Harvesting Equipment
Separate the fermentation product from microorganisms.
Use centrifuges, filters, or decanters for product purification.
