Factors Affecting Ion Exchange

1. Nature of the Resin: Functional groups and crosslinking influence selectivity, capacity, and exchange rate.

2. pH of the Mobile Phase: Affects the charge state of ionizable compounds, influencing binding.

3. Ionic Strength: Higher ionic strength can promote elution through increased ion competition.

4. Temperature: Impacts exchange kinetics and resin capacity.

5. Particle Size of the Resin: Smaller particles offer better resolution but may increase back pressure.

6. Flow Rate: Must balance between sufficient contact time for exchange and process efficiency.

7. Concentration of Sample Ions: High concentrations can saturate the resin, reducing separation efficiency