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The effectiveness of disinfection and antiseptics is influenced by several factors.
Understanding these factors is crucial for achieving optimal microbial control.
1) Concentration of Disinfectant
Higher concentrations generally increase the efficacy of disinfectants.
However, excessively high concentrations can be toxic, corrosive, or may cause resistance.
2) Contact Time
Longer contact times allow the disinfectant to interact more thoroughly with microorganisms, enhancing its effectiveness.
3) Temperature
Higher temperatures generally increase the activity of disinfectants.
For example, many disinfectants are more effective at warm temperatures compared to cold ones.
4) pH
The pH of the environment can influence the activity of disinfectants.
For example, quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) are more effective at neutral or slightly alkaline pH, while chlorine-based disinfectants are more effective at lower pH.
5) Presence of Organic Matter
Organic matter (such as blood, pus, or feces) can inactivate disinfectants by reacting with them and protect microorganisms from being exposed to the disinfectant.
6)Type of Microorganism
Different microorganisms have varying susceptibilities. For instance:
I. Bacterial spores are highly resistant.
II. Mycobacteria have a waxy cell wall making them more resistant.
III. Enveloped viruses are generally more susceptible than non-enveloped viruses.
7) Surface Type
Porous surfaces can harbour microorganisms and protect them from disinfectants, while smooth, non-porous surfaces are easier to disinfect.
8) Humidity
Higher humidity levels can enhance the effectiveness of gaseous disinfectants and some liquid disinfectants. (Factors Influencing Disinfection)
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