Fennel (Fennel Oil)

General Introduction:

• Fennel oil is derived from the seeds of fennel and is known for its aromatic, carminative, and galactagogue properties.

• It is commonly used in treating digestive disorders and as a flavoring agent.

Illustration of Fennel Oil

Synonyms of Fennel Oil:

• Common name: Fennel

• Scientific name: Foeniculum vulgare

• Synonyms: Saunf (Hindi)

Biological Source:

• Volatile oil is obtained from the dried fruits (seeds) of Foeniculum vulgare.

Family:

• Apiaceae

Composition:

• Major constituents:

  • Anethole (50-80%): Main compound responsible for its sweet, licorice-like aroma.

  • Fenchone

  • Estragole (Methyl chavicol)

  • Limonene

• Minor constituents include camphor and α-pinene.

Chemistry & Chemical Classes:

• Chemical Class: Phenylpropanoids and monoterpenoids.

• Structure:

  • Anethole is a phenylpropanoid with a methoxy group and a propenyl side chain.

Therapeutic Uses:

• Carminative: Relieves flatulence, bloating, and colic.

• Galactagogue: Promotes lactation in nursing mothers.

• Antispasmodic: Reduces smooth muscle spasms in the gastrointestinal tract.

• Expectorant: Used in respiratory conditions like cough and bronchitis.

Commercial Applications:

• Widely used as a flavoring agent in foods, beverages, and confectionery.

• Incorporated into herbal teas for its digestive benefits.

• Used in aromatherapy and perfumery for its sweet, refreshing aroma.