LVPs are sterile solutions typically in volumes greater than 100 mL, used for intravenous administration.
They serve as fluid replacements, nutrient solutions, or delivery systems for electrolytes and medications.
Key Considerations of Large Volume Parenterals:
Sterility and Pyrogen-Free:
LVPs must be free of microorganisms and pyrogens as they are administered directly into the bloodstream.
Isotonicity:
LVPs are isotonic with blood to prevent hemolysis or irritation.
Stability:
Requires careful selection of excipients to avoid precipitation or degradation.
Common LVP Formulations:
Dextrose Solutions: Provide energy (e.g., 5% dextrose in water).
Electrolyte Solutions: Restore electrolyte balance (e.g., Ringer’s lactate, sodium chloride solutions).
Parenteral Nutrition: Mixtures of amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals for patients unable to eat.
Irrigation Solutions: For cleaning wounds or surgical sites.
Packaging and Administration:
LVPs are typically packaged in flexible plastic bags or glass bottles.
Administered using an IV infusion set to control flow rate.