Functional Classification of Joints

• Functional classification is based on the degree of movement allowed by the joint.

• There are three primary functional classifications:

1. Synarthrosis (Immovable Joints)

• These joints allow little or no movement.

• Example: Sutures of the skull.

2. Amphiarthrosis (Slightly Movable Joints)

• These joints permit limited movement.

• Example: The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs.

3. Diarthrosis (Freely Movable Joints)

• These joints allow a wide range of motion.

• Example: Synovial joints like the knee, hip, and shoulder.

Main functions of joints:

1. Provide movement: Allow bending, rotating, and extending for activities like walking and reaching.

2. Support weight: Weight-bearing joints (e.g., knees, hips) support body weight during standing and walking.

3. Absorb shock: Reduce impact during physical activities, protecting bones and tissues.

4. Provide stability: Maintain posture and alignment.

5. Allow flexibility: Enable adaptation to various movements and postures.

6. Synthesize synovial fluid: Lubricate joints, reduce friction, and nourish cartilage.

7. Facilitate blood supply: Ensure adequate oxygen and nutrients to surrounding tissues.

8. Aid in metabolism: Facilitate nutrient and waste exchange between bones and tissues.