Functions of the Kidneys
1. Filtration of Blood:
Filter waste and excess substances from blood, excreting them as urine.
2. Regulation of Blood Volume and Pressure:
Adjust water excretion and release renin to regulate blood pressure.
3. Electrolyte Balance:
Maintain balance of electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium.
4. Acid-Base Balance:
Regulate blood pH by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate.
5. Erythropoiesis Regulation:
Produce erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production.
6. Detoxification:
Remove toxins from the blood during filtration.
7. Metabolite and Bioactive Substance Regulation:
Excrete metabolites like urea and regulate bioactive substances.
Functions of the Urinary Tract
1. Transportation of Urine:
Ureters move urine from kidneys to bladder via peristalsis.
2. Storage of Urine:
Bladder stores urine until ready for excretion.
3. Controlled Excretion of Urine:
Coordinated action of sphincters and detrusor muscle controls urination.
4. Prevention of Infection:
Urinary flow flushes out pathogens and valves prevent backflow, reducing infection risk.