1. Protection:
Acts as a physical barrier against mechanical injuries, harmful chemicals, and pathogens.
The acidic pH of the skin surface inhibits bacterial growth.
Melanin in the epidermis protects against UV radiation.
2. Sensation:
Nerve endings in the dermis allow the skin to sense touch, pressure, temperature, and pain, enabling the body to respond to environmental changes.
3. Temperature Regulation:
Sweat glands produce sweat that cools the body when it evaporates.
Blood vessels in the dermis dilate to release heat or constrict to retain heat, helping to regulate body temperature.
4. Excretion:
Sweat glands excrete waste products like urea, salts, and water, helping to detoxify the body.
5. Vitamin D Synthesis:
The skin produces vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, which is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.
6. Immune Defense:
The skin contains immune cells that detect and respond to pathogens, providing a first line of defense against infections.