Gastric proton pump inhibitor

Definition of Gastric proton pump inhibitor: 

• Gastric Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of drugs that rapidly and effectively reduce stomach acid production by irreversibly blocking the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase proton pump located on the parietal cells of the stomach.

Medical Uses:

1. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

2. Peptic Ulcers (Gastric and Duodenal)

3. Dyspepsia

4. Prevention of Stress Ulcers in Critical Care

5. Helicobacter pylori Eradication (in combination therapy)

6. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Side Effects: 

1. PPIs are generally well-tolerated, with a low incidence of temporary side effects, including:

2. Nausea

3. Vomiting

4. Abdominal discomfort

5. Flatulence

6. Constipation

7. Diarrhea

Mechanism of Action:

1. Target Enzyme: PPIs target the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase enzyme (proton pump) located on the parietal cells of the stomach, which is responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl).

2. Activation: PPIs are prodrugs that become activated in the acidic environment of the parietal cell canaliculi.

3. Binding: The sulfonyl group of PPIs forms a covalent bond with cysteine residues on the H⁺/K⁺-ATPase enzyme.

4. Inhibition: This irreversible binding inactivates the proton pump, effectively blocking the final step in gastric acid secretion.

5. Result: With the proton pump inhibited, the secretion of H⁺ ions is halted, leading to a significant and sustained decrease in stomach acid production.

classification of Gastric Proton Pump Inhibitors