Prokaryotic genomes are simpler, smaller, and lack a nucleus.
The key features include:
Single Circular DNA Molecule (Chromosome)
Most prokaryotes have a single, circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region.
The chromosome is not enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus.
Plasmids
Small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecules.
Can carry antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factors.
Replicate independently of the main chromosome.
Operons
Genes in prokaryotes are often organized into operons, which are clusters of functionally related genes controlled by a single promoter.
Example: The lac operon regulates lactose metabolism in E. coli.
Lack of Introns
Prokaryotic genes are mostly continuous, without introns.
Transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm.
Regulatory Sequences
Operons contain promoters, operators, and regulatory genes that control gene expression.
Horizontal Gene Transfer
Prokaryotes can exchange genetic material via transformation, transduction, and conjugation, contributing to genetic diversity.
