Glutathione, often referred to as the "master antioxidant," is a tripeptide composed of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine.
It is present in nearly all cells, with high concentrations in the liver. Glutathione exists in two forms: reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG).
Function:
1. Direct Chemical Neutralization:
GSH directly neutralizes ROS such as free radicals, peroxides, and lipid peroxides, converting them into less harmful molecules.
2. Regeneration of Antioxidants:
It helps regenerate other antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, back to their active forms.
3. Detoxification:
GSH conjugates with toxins, facilitating their excretion from the body, a process critical for liver detoxification.
4. Immune Function:
Supports the immune system by promoting the proliferation of lymphocytes and the production of cytokines.
5. Protein and DNA Synthesis:
Plays a role in cellular processes including the synthesis and repair of DNA, and the synthesis of proteins and prostaglandins.
Medical Benefits:
Maintaining optimal GSH levels protects against diseases linked to oxidative stress, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and aging.
GSH supplementation is explored for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, liver diseases, and cystic fibrosis.