Hematinics are agents that improve the hemoglobin content of the blood, thereby enhancing oxygen-carrying capacity.
They are primarily used to treat anemia.
Some Major Hematinics Agents:
Iron Preparations:
Ferrous Sulfate, Ferrous Gluconate:
Mechanism: Supply elemental iron for hemoglobin synthesis.
Use: Iron deficiency anemia.
Side Effects: Gastrointestinal upset, dark stools.
Iron Sucrose, Ferric Carboxymaltose (IV forms):
Use: Patients unable to tolerate oral iron or with severe deficiency.
Side Effects: Allergic reactions, hypophosphatemia with some IV formulations.
Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid:
Mechanism: Essential for DNA synthesis in erythropoiesis.
Use: Megaloblastic anemia due to B12 or folate deficiency.
Side Effects: Generally well-tolerated; injection site reactions for B12.
Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs) (e.g., Epoetin Alfa, Darbepoetin Alfa):
Mechanism: Stimulate erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow to increase red blood cell production.
Use: Anemia of chronic kidney disease, chemotherapy-induced anemia.
Side Effects: Hypertension, thromboembolic events, pure red cell aplasia.