Structure
Hydrocortisone, also known as cortisol, is a natural glucocorticoid hormone with a cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene structure, including hydroxyl and keto groups.
Chemical Formula: C₂₂H₂₈O₅
Mode of Action
Glucocorticoid Activity: Activates glucocorticoid receptors, modulating gene transcription related to metabolism, immune response, and stress.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Inhibits inflammatory pathways by blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators.
Metabolic Regulation: Influences glucose metabolism, increasing gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance.
Electrolyte Balance: Affects sodium retention and potassium excretion, influencing fluid balance.
Uses of Hydrocortisone
Adrenal Insufficiency: Replaces deficient cortisol in conditions like Addison’s disease.
Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases: Treats rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system.
Allergic Reactions: Manages severe allergic responses and anaphylaxis.
Skin Conditions: Applied topically to alleviate dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis.
Asthma: Controls and prevents asthma exacerbations by reducing airway inflammation.