Inorganic and Organic Nonmetals
- S-3-Pharmaceutical engineering
- Feb 27
- 2 min read
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Inorganic Nonmetals
Inorganic nonmetals are elements or compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds.
They are generally derived from minerals and other non-organic sources.
Examples
1) Silicon
Used in semiconductors, glass, and ceramics.
2) Sulfur
Used in the production of sulfuric acid, fertilizers, and in vulcanization of rubber.
3) Chlorine
Used in water purification, disinfectants, and the production of PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
Properties
Varied Physical States: Can be gases (e.g., chlorine), liquids (e.g., bromine), or solids (e.g., sulfur).
High Melting and Boiling Points: Generally, have high melting and boiling points compared to organic compounds.
Electrical Insulation: Most inorganic nonmetals are poor conductors of electricity.
Applications
Electronics: Silicon wafers in semiconductors.
Chemical Industry: Production of acids, bases, and other chemicals.
Construction: Glass and ceramics.
Organic Nonmetals
Organic nonmetals are compounds primarily made of carbon atoms bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements.
These compounds are derived from living organisms or synthetic processes.
Examples
1) Plastics (e.g., Polyethylene, PVC)
Used in packaging, pipes, and containers.
2) Polymers (e.g., Nylon, Teflon)
Used in textiles, non-stick coatings, and engineering components.
3) Natural Organics (e.g., Cellulose, Rubber)
Used in paper, clothing, and tires.
Properties
Low Melting and Boiling Points: Generally, have lower melting and boiling points compared to inorganic compounds.
Combustible: Many organic compounds are flammable.
Versatile: Can form a wide variety of complex structures with diverse properties.
Applications
Packaging: Plastics and films for protecting goods.
Textiles: Synthetic fibers for clothing and industrial fabrics.
Medical: Pharmaceuticals, biodegradable plastics, and medical devices.
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