Inorganic Nonmetals
Inorganic nonmetals are elements or compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds.
They are generally derived from minerals and other non-organic sources.
Examples:
1. Silicon:
Used in semiconductors, glass, and ceramics.
2. Sulfur:
Used in the production of sulfuric acid, fertilizers, and in vulcanization of rubber.
3.Chlorine:
Used in water purification, disinfectants, and the production of PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
Properties:
Varied Physical States: Can be gases (e.g., chlorine), liquids (e.g., bromine), or solids (e.g., sulfur).
High Melting and Boiling Points: Generally, have high melting and boiling points compared to organic compounds.
Electrical Insulation: Most inorganic nonmetals are poor conductors of electricity.
Applications:
Electronics: Silicon wafers in semiconductors.
Chemical Industry: Production of acids, bases, and other chemicals.
Construction: Glass and ceramics.
Organic Nonmetals
Organic nonmetals are compounds primarily made of carbon atoms bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other elements.
These compounds are derived from living organisms or synthetic processes.
Examples:
1. Plastics (e.g., Polyethylene, PVC):
Used in packaging, pipes, and containers.
2. Polymers (e.g., Nylon, Teflon):
Used in textiles, non-stick coatings, and engineering components.
3. Natural Organics (e.g., Cellulose, Rubber):
Used in paper, clothing, and tires.
Properties:
Low Melting and Boiling Points: Generally, have lower melting and boiling points compared to inorganic compounds.
Combustible: Many organic compounds are flammable.
Versatile: Can form a wide variety of complex structures with diverse properties.
Applications:
Packaging: Plastics and films for protecting goods.
Textiles: Synthetic fibers for clothing and industrial fabrics.
Medical: Pharmaceuticals, biodegradable plastics, and medical devices.